📘 Materi TBI : Conditional and Subjunctive
1. Conditional Sentences (Kalimat Pengandaian)
Pengertian: Conditional sentences adalah kalimat pengandaian yang menyatakan suatu kondisi (syarat) dan hasil yang mungkin terjadi jika syarat tersebut terpenuhi. Kalimat ini biasanya terdiri dari dua bagian: if-clause (anak kalimat) dan main clause (induk kalimat).
Tujuan: Untuk menyatakan kemungkinan, imajinasi, penyesalan, atau kondisi tertentu di masa sekarang, masa lalu, atau masa depan.
Jenis dan Rumus Conditional Sentences:
| Tipe | Rumus | Makna | Contoh Kalimat |
|---|---|---|---|
| Type 0 | If + S + V1, S + V1 | Fakta umum / kebiasaan | If you heat water, it boils. |
| Type 1 | If + S + V1, S + will + V1 | Kemungkinan nyata di masa depan | If it rains, we will stay home. |
| Type 2 | If + S + V2, S + would + V1 | Hipotetis / imajinasi di masa sekarang | If I had a car, I would drive to work. |
| Type 3 | If + S + had + V3, S + would have + V3 | Penyesalan di masa lalu | If she had studied, she would have passed. |
| Mixed Type | If + S + had + V3, S + would + V1 | Penyesalan masa lalu berdampak ke masa sekarang | If I had slept early, I wouldn’t be tired now. |
- If he calls, I will answer. (Type 1)
- If I were you, I would study harder. (Type 2)
- If we had left earlier, we would have caught the train. (Type 3)
- If he had trained more, he would be stronger now. (Mixed)
2. Subjunctive Sentences (Kalimat Subjungtif)
Pengertian: Subjunctive sentences adalah kalimat yang digunakan untuk menyatakan keinginan, harapan, saran, keharusan, atau situasi yang tidak nyata (imajinatif atau bertentangan dengan kenyataan).
Tujuan: Untuk menyampaikan kondisi tidak nyata, saran resmi, keinginan atau permintaan, serta ekspresi formal.
Bentuk Umum Subjunctive:
- That + subject + base verb (tanpa "to", walau untuk pihak ketiga)
- If I were (bukan "was"), untuk kondisi imajinatif
Subjunctive biasanya muncul setelah kata: suggest, recommend, ask, insist, demand, wish, if only, it’s important that, etc.
- I suggest that she study harder. (bukan "studies")
- It is important that he be on time.
- If I were you, I would take the job. (bukan "was")
- They demanded that he apologize immediately.
- I wish I were taller. (harapan tidak nyata)
| Situasi | Kalimat | Jenis |
|---|---|---|
| Realitas | He is my friend. | Indikatif |
| Harapan tidak nyata | I wish he were my friend. | Subjunctive |
| Saran | The teacher suggests that he study more. | Subjunctive |
| Formal / Penting | It is essential that she be here on time. | Subjunctive |
📝 Latihan Soal :
Materi Bahasa Inggris (TBI) yang bisa kamu pelajari: