📘 Materi TBI : Reported Speech
1. Jenis Reported Speech
Pengertian: Reported speech adalah cara melaporkan ucapan orang lain tanpa mengutip secara langsung.
Tujuan: Untuk menyampaikan apa yang telah dikatakan tanpa mengulang kata-kata persis seperti aslinya.
a. Sub Afirmative (Kalimat Pernyataan)
Rumus:
Subject + said/thought + (that) + S + V1/V2/… (sesuai waktu)
Contoh:
- He said that he was tired.
- She said that she had finished her homework.
b. Interrogative (Kalimat Tanya)
Rumus:
Subject + asked + if/whether + S + V1/V2/… (untuk yes/no question)
Subject + asked + wh-question word + S + V1/V2/… (untuk wh-question)
Contoh:
- She asked if he was coming.
- He asked where they had gone.
c. Imperative (Kalimat Perintah)
Rumus Pola 1 (Untuk perintah positif):
Subject + told + object + to + verb (base form)
Rumus Pola 2 (Untuk perintah negatif):
Subject + told + object + not to + verb (base form)
Contoh:
- She told him to study harder.
- He told them not to be late.
2. Perubahan Bentuk Waktu (Tense Shift)
Pengertian: Dalam reported speech, biasanya terjadi perubahan bentuk waktu (tense) dari kalimat langsung ke tidak langsung jika verba pelapor berada di past tense.
Tujuan: Menyesuaikan waktu kejadian yang dilaporkan agar kalimat menjadi tepat secara waktu.
Aturan Umum:
| Direct Speech | Reported Speech |
|---|---|
| Present Simple | Past Simple |
| Present Continuous | Past Continuous |
| Present Perfect | Past Perfect |
| Past Simple | Past Perfect |
| Past Continuous | Past Perfect Continuous |
| Will | Would |
| Can | Could |
| May | Might |
Contoh:
- Direct: She said, "I am tired."
Reported: She said that she was tired. - Direct: He said, "I have finished."
Reported: He said that he had finished.
3. Perubahan Keterangan Waktu
Pengertian: Keterangan waktu dalam kalimat langsung perlu diubah dalam reported speech agar sesuai dengan konteks waktu pelaporan.
Tujuan: Agar waktu dalam kalimat tidak membingungkan dan tepat sesuai konteks.
Aturan Umum:
| Direct Speech | Reported Speech |
|---|---|
| now | then |
| today | that day |
| tomorrow | the next day / the following day |
| yesterday | the day before / the previous day |
| last night | the night before |
| ago | before |
| this | that |
Contoh:
- Direct: "I will come tomorrow."
Reported: He said he would come the next day. - Direct: "She arrived yesterday."
Reported: She said she had arrived the day before.
4. Perubahan Kata Ganti
Pengertian: Kata ganti dalam kalimat langsung harus diubah sesuai dengan perspektif pelapor dan konteks kalimat tidak langsung.
Tujuan: Agar kalimat menjadi jelas dan subjek/objeknya tidak membingungkan.
Aturan Umum:
- I → he / she / they
- You → I / he / she / they (tergantung konteks)
- We → they
- My → his / her / their
- Your → my / his / her / their
- Me → him / her / them
Contoh:
- Direct: "I love you."
Reported: She said that she loved me. - Direct: "You are my friend."
Reported: He said that I was his friend.
5. Perubahan Determiner
Pengertian: Determiner (kata penentu seperti this, these, that, those) juga mengalami perubahan dalam reported speech sesuai konteks dan jarak waktu.
Tujuan: Agar kalimat menjadi tepat dan makna tidak rancu.
Aturan Umum:
- this → that
- these → those
Contoh:
- Direct: "This book is interesting."
Reported: He said that that book was interesting. - Direct: "These apples are fresh."
Reported: She said that those apples were fresh.
📝 Latihan Soal :
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